Universal Values in Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren): A Systematic Review of Inclusivity and Social Justice

Abstract

Traditional Islamic education systems often face scrutiny regarding their compatibility with global pluralism. This research provides a systematic review of the internalization of universal values within Pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), specifically focusing on inclusivity and social justice. Utilizing the Narrative Literature Review (NLR) method, this study analyzes academic contributions from 2021-2025 to map how the principles of tasamuh (tolerance), tawazun (balance), and ’adalah (justice) are operationalized in the Pesantren curriculum. The findings indicate that the Pesantren tradition possesses a robust indigenous framework for inclusive education that bridges religious dogma with social egalitarianism. These universal values serve as a critical foundation for students to engage in diverse social landscapes while maintaining their spiritual identity. The study concludes that revitalizing the discourse of social justice within Pesantren is essential for fostering national cohesion and global peace. This review highlights the potential of Pesantren as a transformative model for value-based education that promotes human dignity across all social strata.