The Concept of 'Otherness' in Sufi Philosophy: A Narrative Review of Rumi’s Influence on Global Interfaith Harmony

Abstract

The phenomenon of "Othering" the social construction of out-groups as inherently different or threatening remains a primary driver of global conflict. This research provides a narrative review of the concept of "Otherness" within Sufi philosophy, specifically focusing on the legacy of Jalaluddin Rumi and its impact on interfaith harmony from 2021 to 2026. Through a qualitative analysis of Rumi's Masnavi and Divan-e Shams, the study identifies the shift from "Adversarial Otherness" to "Divine Otherness," where the "Other" is recognized as a mirror of the Creator. The review explores the global reception of Rumi’s "Ecstatic Pluralism" and its role in modern peacebuilding initiatives. Findings suggest that Rumi’s ontological inclusivity provides a robust philosophical foundation for transcending dogmatic boundaries. The study concludes that Rumi’s influence acts as a "spiritual bridge" that facilitates dialogue in increasingly polarized post-secular societies.